feat(R03): unify provider catalogue, routing decisions and usage telemetry

EPIC R03 (Team Duy) - one provider catalogue, one routing flow, one usage seam.

R03-T01 tests/contracts/test_providers.py
  29 contract tests every provider must satisfy: canonical assistant message,
  streamed text == returned content, reasoning never joins the answer, parsed
  tool arguments, ProviderError for every failure. Real adapters exercised
  offline by stubbing Provider._request.
R03-T02 domain/models/provider_descriptor.py
        infrastructure/providers/provider_registry.py
  Provider facts declared once (was split across providers/factory.py,
  DEFAULT_CONFIG and PROVIDER_LABELS). ProviderRegistry.build() also stamps the
  descriptor id onto the instance, so ollama/github_copilot/codex usage is no
  longer all attributed to "openai_compat", and never mutates the caller config.
R03-T03 application/model_routing/routing_application_service.py
  Pure-Python routing policy with four modes: Off, Auto, Manual and the new
  Fallback (switch only AFTER the current model fails). Depends on a RoutingPort
  protocol; production wires the existing core.routing engine underneath.
R03-T04/T05 ui/chat_panel.py, ui/co4e_tab.py, ui/folder_tab.py
  Three near-identical routing copies (~40 lines each) replaced by a call to
  ctx.routing_application() plus a confirm callback. Mode vocabulary now lives
  in one place (normalize_mode/is_valid_mode) instead of four literal tuples.
R03-T06 infrastructure/telemetry/usage_sink.py
  Token usage extracted from both providers into UsageEvent + UsageEventSink.
  Estimation pinned against core.usage_tracker so no recorded number changes.

Also fixes a deadlock introduced while wiring AppContext: routing_application()
held _routing_lock and called routing(), which takes the same non-reentrant lock.

Suite: 186 passed, 1.22s. check_imports: PASS. All new files < 400 LOC.
2 pre-existing failures remain in test_config_security.py (EPIC R02/Team Nam).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

providers/base.py

@@ -224,6 +224,12 @@ class Provider:
         # silently swallowing the error — Settings' "Test connection" / "Load
         # models" surfaces this so "model won't load" has a concrete reason.
         self.last_error = ""
+        # Where this provider's token usage goes (R03-T06). None means "the
+        # process-wide default sink", resolved lazily in _emit_usage so that a
+        # test can swap the destination without rebuilding every provider.
+        # Set it per instance to bill one run somewhere else (a workflow, a
+        # scheduled task) without touching global state.
+        self.usage_sink = None
 
     def chat(
         self,
@@ -274,6 +280,24 @@ class Provider:
             return True, f"OK — {len(models)} model(s) available."
         return False, "No models returned. Check base_url/API key and network access."
 
+    # -- telemetry -----------------------------------------------------
+    def _emit_usage(self, event) -> None:
+        """Hand one ``UsageEvent`` to this provider's usage sink.
+
+        Never raises: recording how many tokens a turn cost must not be able to
+        fail the turn itself. Falls back to the process-wide default sink so
+        existing call sites keep reporting to the Dashboard exactly as before
+        (see infrastructure/telemetry/usage_sink.py)."""
+        try:
+            sink = self.usage_sink
+            if sink is None:
+                from ..infrastructure.telemetry import usage_sink as telemetry
+
+                sink = telemetry.default_sink
+            sink.record(event)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 — telemetry is never worth a failed turn
+            pass
+
     # -- shared helpers ------------------------------------------------
     @staticmethod
     def _is_cancelled(cancel) -> bool: